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Electric Fence is still the reference for dealing with heap corruption, even if not maintined for a while. RedHat ships a version that can be used as an interposition library. Drawback: might not work with code that uses mmap to allocate memory. Duma is a fork of Electric Fence. Glibc builtin. Apr 10, 2017  C tutorials, C and C news, and information about the C IDE Visual Studio from the Microsoft C team. C Debugging and Diagnostics. Use the Debug menu and select New breakpoint to add a function breakpoint. Data breakpoints will stop the debugger when a specific address is hit during debugging. Use the Debug menu and select New.

Win32 Debug CRT Heap Internals by Andrew Birkett (andy@nobugs.org). If you are lazy, skip the explanation and jump to the table at the bottom of the page. When you compile programs with DevStudio in debug mode, all of your calls to malloc and free use a special “debug” implementation. One potential argument in favour of leaving the WDH on is that unlike the CRT debug heap the WDH is operational in release builds also, but (1) it is disabled for any launch outside a debugger anyway, (2) in the extremely unlikely case that you’d require memory integrity checks but don’t want to run a debug build, I would suggest just.

May 29, 2005  This article uses the CRT diagnostics functions available as part of MS Visual Studio. Whenever I call the memory, treat it as Heap memory, don’t confuse it with primary memory. About the debug heap. Debug heap is the extension to the base heap. It provides powerful ways to manage your heap allocations in debug builds. Mar 10, 2011  Hello everyone, the first time I am posting a question in msdn, and I hope this it the correct forum for the question. The question (actually big helpless problem) is: I got a not valid heap pointer when using the new operator. The situation is like this: I have many structures to save. Hmm, you're digging too much into this.

Introduction

Some time ago, I was tracing a perf problem (UI code + some custom logic). I needed to track what module was eating most of the time in one specific scenario. I prepared the release version of the app and I added some profiling code. I’ve used Visual Studio 2013. The app used OutputDebugString so I needed to run the debugging (F5) in order to be able to see logs in the output window (I know I know, I could use DebugView as well…)

But, my main assumption was that when I run F5 in release mode, only a little performance hit would occur. What was my astonishment when I noticed it was a wrong idea! My release-debug session pointed to a completely different place in the code…

Story Continuation

What was wrong with the assumption? As it appeared when I was starting the app with F5, even in release mode Visual Studio is attaching a special debug heap! The whole application runs slower, because every system memory allocation gets additional integrity checks.
My code used win32 UI and thus every list addition, control creation was double checked by this special heap. When running using F5, the main bottleneck seemed to be happening in that UI code. When I disabled the additional heap checking (or when I simply run my application without debugger attached), the real bottleneck appeared in a completely different place.

Those kind of bugs have even their name Heisenbug, those are bugs that disappear (or are altered) by tools that are used to track the problem. As in our situation: debugger was changing the performance of my application so I was not able to find a real hot spot…

Let’s learn from the situation! What is this debug heap? Is it really useful? Can we live without it?

Example

Let’s do a simple experiment:

Full code located here: fenbf/dbgheap.cpp

The above example will allocate (and delete) memory NUM_ITERS x NUM_ALLOC times.

For NUM_ITERS=100 and NUM_ALLOC=100 and NUM_ELEMENTS=100000 (~400kb per allocation) I got:

So by running using F5, we get ~3.7 slower memory allocations!

Let’s compare calls stacks:

To prepare the above images, I run the app using F5 and I paused at random position. There were lots of allocations, so I usually entered some interesting code. Of course, producing the second view (without F5) was a bit harder, so I set a breakpoint using _asm int 3 (DebugBreak() also would work), then I got debugger attached so I could also pause at random. Additionally, since the second version runs much faster, I needed to increase the number of allocations happening in the program.

Running with F5, I could easily break in some deep allocation method (and as you can see, there is a call to ntdll.dll!_RtlDebugAllocateHeap@12 ()). When I attached debugger (the second call stack) I could only get into vector allocation method (STD).

Debug Heap

All dynamic memory allocation (new, malloc, std containers, etc. etc.) at some point must ask system to allocate the space. Debug Heap adds some special rules and ‘reinforcements’ so that memory will not be corrupt.
It might be useful when coding in raw C winApi style (when you use raw HeapAlloc calls), but probably not when using C++ and CRT/STD.

CRT has its own memory validation mechanisms (read more at msdn) so windows Debug Heap is doing additional, mostly redundant checks.

Options

What can we do about this whole feature? Fortunately, we have an option to disable it!

Any drawbacks of this approach?

Obviously, there is no additional checking… but since you’ve probably checked your app in Debug version, and since there are additional checks in CRT/STD, no problems should occur.

Also, in the latest Visual Studio 2015, this feature is disabled by default (it is enabled in the previous versions). This suggests that we should be quite safe.

On the other hand, when you rely solely on WinAPI calls and do some advanced system programming, then DebugHeap might help…

Summary

Things to remember:
Use '_NO_DEBUG_HEAP' to increase performance of your debugging sessions!.

As I mentioned in the beginning, I was quite surprised to see such different results when running F5 in release mode VS running the app alone. Debugger usually adds some performance hit, but not that huge! I can expect a slow down in a debug build, but not that much in release version of the application.

Debug Heap is attached every time: in debug builds and in release as well. And it’s not that obvious. At least we can disable it.

Fortunately Debug Heap is disabled by default in Visual Studio 2015 - this shows that MS Team might be wrong when they enabled Debug Heap by default in the previous versions of Visual Studio.

Resources

C Crt Debug Heap Dev 10 Pdf

• Books on Visual Studio: Professional Visual Studio 2015, Ivor Horton's Beginning Visual C++ 2013
• ofekshilon.com: Accelerating Debug Runs, Part 1: _NO_DEBUG_HEAP - detailed information about this feature
• VC++ team blog: C++ Debugging Improvements in Visual Studio 2015
• preshing.com: The Windows Heap Is Slow When Launched from the Debugger
• informit.com: Advanced Windows Debugging: Memory Corruption Part II—Heaps
• MSDN blogs: Anatomy of a Heisenbug

History

• 23^rd September, 2015 - Initial version